一、安装PDO插件

二、安装PDO_SQLSRV插件

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/pdo_sqlsrv-5.8.0.tgz

三、安装Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server

Microsoft ODBC 17 - ubuntu：

if ! [[ "16.04 18.04 20.04 22.04" == *"$(lsb_release -rs)"* ]];
then
    echo "Ubuntu $(lsb_release -rs) is not currently supported.";
    exit;
fi

sudo su
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/$(lsb_release -rs)/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

exit
sudo apt-get update
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17
# optional: for bcp and sqlcmd
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y mssql-tools
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# optional: for unixODBC development headers
sudo apt-get install -y unixodbc-dev

Microsoft ODBC 17 - Linux：

sudo su

#Download appropriate package for the OS version
#Choose only ONE of the following, corresponding to your OS version

#RHEL 7 and Oracle Linux 7
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

#RHEL 8 and Oracle Linux 8
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/8/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

#RHEL 9
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/9.0/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo

exit
sudo yum remove unixODBC-utf16 unixODBC-utf16-devel #to avoid conflicts
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install -y msodbcsql17
# optional: for bcp and sqlcmd
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install -y mssql-tools
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# optional: for unixODBC development headers
sudo yum install -y unixODBC-devel

官网链接文档：https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-ver16&tabs=alpine18-install%2Credhat17-install%2Cubuntu16-install%2Credhat7-13-install%2Crhel7-offline

四、PHP连接代码

// 定义连接信息
$serverName = "192.168.0.1";
$databaseName = "master";
$username = "sa";
$password = "123";

$options = array(
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    PDO::SQLSRV_ATTR_DIRECT_QUERY => false,
    PDO::SQLSRV_ATTR_CLIENT_BUFFER_MAX_KB_SIZE => 1024,
);

// 连接到数据库
$conn = new PDO("sqlsrv:Server=$serverName;Database=$databaseName", $username, $password);